HVn=DRn−DRiHt−DRicap H cap V sub n equals the fraction with numerator cap D cap R sub n minus cap D cap R sub i and denominator cap H sub t minus cap D cap R sub i end-fraction DRncap D cap R sub n is deformation at the end of a loading increment and DRicap D cap R sub i is deformation at the time of saturation . Data Inputs and Requirements
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ASTM D4546-21 defines standard procedures for measuring one-dimensional swell or settlement in cohesive soils, providing three distinct methods to assess expansive or collapsible behavior under varying pressures. This standard is crucial for geotechnical engineering, enabling accurate predictions of soil reaction to wetting to prevent foundation and structural failure. The official PDF can be purchased on the ASTM International website. HVn=DRn−DRiHt−DRicap H cap V sub n equals the